If you’ve heard terms like acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion, or gua sha but aren’t sure what they mean, you’re not alone. These practices have long histories and are increasingly discussed as complementary approaches to health and wellness.
Traditional Chinese medicine, or TCM, includes a variety of practices, including acupuncture, herbal products, tai chi, and other approaches. Research on these practices varies, and evidence for effectiveness depends on the specific treatment and health condition. (NCCIH)
Acupuncture involves inserting very thin needles into specific points on the body. Practitioners may also use techniques such as manual stimulation or electroacupuncture.
People commonly seek acupuncture for pain, including back, neck, or joint pain. Research suggests acupuncture may help with certain types of chronic pain, although results vary depending on the condition. (NCCIH)
If you’re considering acupuncture, ask about the practitioner’s training and experience. Acupuncture should be performed using sterile, single-use needles by a qualified practitioner.
A first appointment may involve questions about your health history, symptoms, medications, and overall health goals. The practitioner may then explain the treatment approach and what to expect during the session.
Tell the practitioner about your medical conditions and medications. It is also important to tell your regular healthcare professionals about complementary treatments you are using so your care team has a complete picture of your healthcare. (NCCIH)
Cupping involves placing cups on the skin to create suction. Depending on the technique, cups may remain stationary or be moved across the skin.
Moxibustion, sometimes called moxa, involves burning dried plant material, traditionally mugwort, near or on certain areas of the body.
People may use these practices as part of traditional Chinese medicine. Evidence regarding their effectiveness varies, and they may not be appropriate for everyone.
Tuina is a form of traditional Chinese therapeutic massage that uses techniques such as pressing, kneading, and manipulation.
Gua sha involves using a smooth-edged tool to apply repeated strokes to the skin. This can temporarily cause redness or discoloration.
Because these practices involve physical manipulation of the body, talk with a healthcare professional if you have a condition that could affect your ability to safely receive them.
Reflexology involves applying pressure to specific areas of the feet, hands, or ears. Practitioners believe these areas correspond to other parts of the body.
Reflexology is different from acupuncture and should not be considered a replacement for medical diagnosis or treatment.
Traditional Chinese medicine may also include herbal products. “Natural” does not necessarily mean risk-free. Some herbal products can interact with medications or contain contaminants.
If you’re considering an herbal product, talk with your healthcare professional or pharmacist first, particularly if you take prescription medications or manage a chronic condition. (NCCIH)
Medicare coverage depends on the specific service and circumstances. For example, Original Medicare covers acupuncture for chronic low back pain under specific conditions. Medicare currently covers up to 12 acupuncture visits in 90 days, with up to 8 additional visits if there is documented improvement, for a maximum of 20 treatments in a 12-month period. (Medicare.gov)
Other complementary services may have different coverage rules. Check your specific plan before receiving care.
Eastern medicine encompasses many different practices, and research continues to evaluate where these approaches may be useful.
If you’re interested in acupuncture or another complementary approach, discuss it with your healthcare team and ask about potential benefits, risks, and coverage.
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This article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Coverage varies by plan and service. Talk with your healthcare professional before starting a new treatment or complementary health practice.
